This course centers on the life, writings, and legacy of St. Francis of Assisi, presenting him as both a product of the extraordinary vitality of the medieval world and a decisive agent of cultural, spiritual, and social transformation. Through close reading of Francis’s own writings and early biographical sources, students will examine his radical understanding of poverty—not merely as material deprivation. Francis’s vision of fraternity, community, creation as a sign of the Creator, and evangelical life will be analyzed as responses to the profound changes reshaping medieval society.
From this foundation, the course expands outward to explore the Middle Ages as a period of remarkable splendor, creativity, and innovation in theology, politics, art, and economic life. Rejecting the notion of the medieval world as static or obscure, the course presents it as a civilization in motion, shaped by demographic growth, urbanization, the birth of city-republics in northern Italy, new economic structures, and evolving forms of political organization. Particular attention is given to the social tensions generated by these transformations, including the emergence of new forms of poverty, inequality, and violence.
The course examines the challenges faced by the medieval Church, including the spread of heretical movements such as Catharism, the failures and transformations of crusading ideology, and the institutional responses culminating in the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). Within this context, students will study how the Franciscan and Dominican movements, through distinct charisms, played a crucial role in renewing Christian life, re-engaging urban populations, and reshaping theology, pastoral practice, art, and economic thought. Offered during the 800th anniversary of the death of St. Francis, the course invites students at the University of St. Thomas to encounter the Middle Ages through one of its most luminous figures and to understand why Francis continues to illuminate Western culture.